दहावीचे वर्ष हे शालेय जीवनातील शेवटचे वर्ष आणि सगळ्यात महत्वाचे!अनेक विद्यार्थी एकाच परिक्षेला बसत असल्यामुळे गुणवत्तेनुसार आपले स्थान कळण्याची ही एक संधी असून आपले पुढील शिक्षण या परिक्षेतील यशाप्रमाणे ठरणार आहे. या परिक्षेत विषयाच्या ज्ञाना बरोबरच परिक्षेचे तंत्र समजावून घेतले तर चांगले गुण मिळवणे सोपे जाते. हे तंत्र आपल्याला सांगावे म्हणून खालील लेख लिहिले आहेत.
१) शास्र
२) भूगोल
३) इतिहास
४) भूमिती
५) इंग्रजी (प्रथम भाषा)
६) बीजगणित
७) मराठी (द्वितीय भाषा)
Thursday, August 16, 2007
Science I and II
STUDY METHODS AND EXAMINATION TECHNIQUES
1 Textbook = bhagwatgita
2 scoring subject + think rationally
3 understanding subject : concepts (2006-217)
4 regular study :Reading a lesson every day keeps science2 phobia at bay + 5 reactions every day
5 concentration
6 memory based scII : tricks to remember topics : descriptive
accept reality and set +ve frame of mind, to make it most scoring subject
7 applied approach
8 weightage for each topic
9 use of self audio cassettes
10 charts and flow charts
11 Decide your objective and work accordingly
2 Exam techniques
1 Plan time division properly, 5 mins for reading question paper and deciding sequence
2 complete paper in two hours : 30 mins for underlining important points!
3 Proper numbering to each question and subquestion
4 Each new broad question on new page
5 Cut leftover page after question with slant line
6 neat presentation : effective method of communicating your good qualities and skills : first
timpression
7 legible handwriting - avoid overwriting, big, clean
8 reflects mentality : force examiner to read your answer paper , many diagrams
9 constant speed
10subquestions in same order : questions also if possible depicts confidence : line after each sub
11 give heading to each point (side title)
12 simple diagram wherever possible to suppliment answers (comparison @ moderation )
13 discuss with friends
14 columns, tables essential
15 laws, definitations : exact words from text book = bhagwatgita hence avoide to write extra
16 judicious choice of options is the key
17 reading the paper checking, underlining, boxes, margins, lines etc needs some time
4 Objective questions
Multiple choice questions = MCQ
Match the following : Write both columns LHS = Q, RHS = A (MP)
complete sentence with underlining of the answer is essential for following questions
fill in the blanks (FB)
find correlation : full sentense (FC)
name the following
odd man out : write complete question statement. Odd man out on next line (reason) (OM)
true or false : write corect statement (TF)
5 Give reasons
introduction (statement)
Because :
(minimum 2 valid points whenever possible give four points
conclusion (Hence ...statement)
1 principle involved
2 proper scientific logic
3 application / correlation between principle and statement
4 reason first and then the effect
6 Distinguish between (DI)
1 point : corresponding differences
2 two columns : give proper headings
3 differences not similarities
4 definitions first
5 if possible diagrams to illustrate (?)
two points = two marks (more points if available)
6 do not write negative points as points of distinction
7 do not consider examples as independent points
7 Short questions
definitions : exactly as in book, if formula / symbol mention it
laws
reasons
uses
effect
characteristics
important principles
formulae
8 Short answer questions
50% of the paper is short answer question
4 points at least
pointwise :each point on new line : principle, diagram, construction, working, use etc
underline
properties : most important properties first
write all the points even if only 2 marks question : if more than 4 points, write most important first
draw neat diagram whenever possible
Understand demand of different type of question as follows
Answer in brief
advantages or disadvantages
classify
short notes on
effects of heat on different substances
functions of
what happens when : 1 result or effect of action 2. Why/reason behind result
Explain term / statement
Give examples
Chemifal and structural formula of…
9 Numeric problems : watch for units and conversions
given data in the beginning
1/2 mark
write formula
1/2 mark
calculations
1/2 mark
box around answer
1/2 mark
10 Long answers
suppliment answer with diagram
give all necessary information from textbook
8 points for 4 marks means 1/2 marks per point : subtitles
do not drift from the point
tabular form if possible
most important point first, least important at the end
avoid repetition of points in different words again and again
do not write in essay fashion : each and every important point
if diagram, first introduction then draw diagram and then describe with help of diagram
if mathematical derivation with law, state it first. MEq B91 must have conclusion
Underline points / key words and nor the whole answer
Use of scientific language must,
11 D Group questions
think on your own with common sense
current science affairs also
principle behind the matter
12 Practicle
properly maintained journals
method of working
13 highlighting of important points in the text
14 Balanced chemical reactions
correct formulae and names of compounds and elements
balance number of atoms on both sides of equation
put arrows for ppt or gas evolved
characteristic feature with reaction
write explanation I.e. change after reaction/ during reaction
equation
names of products below formula of compound
15 Simple present tense or present perfect tense
small gramatically correct sentenses
care about spellings
16 All equations and reactions on one paper are useful at the time of examination
1 Textbook = bhagwatgita
2 scoring subject + think rationally
3 understanding subject : concepts (2006-217)
4 regular study :Reading a lesson every day keeps science2 phobia at bay + 5 reactions every day
5 concentration
6 memory based scII : tricks to remember topics : descriptive
accept reality and set +ve frame of mind, to make it most scoring subject
7 applied approach
8 weightage for each topic
9 use of self audio cassettes
10 charts and flow charts
11 Decide your objective and work accordingly
2 Exam techniques
1 Plan time division properly, 5 mins for reading question paper and deciding sequence
2 complete paper in two hours : 30 mins for underlining important points!
3 Proper numbering to each question and subquestion
4 Each new broad question on new page
5 Cut leftover page after question with slant line
6 neat presentation : effective method of communicating your good qualities and skills : first
timpression
7 legible handwriting - avoid overwriting, big, clean
8 reflects mentality : force examiner to read your answer paper , many diagrams
9 constant speed
10subquestions in same order : questions also if possible depicts confidence : line after each sub
11 give heading to each point (side title)
12 simple diagram wherever possible to suppliment answers (comparison @ moderation )
13 discuss with friends
14 columns, tables essential
15 laws, definitations : exact words from text book = bhagwatgita hence avoide to write extra
16 judicious choice of options is the key
17 reading the paper checking, underlining, boxes, margins, lines etc needs some time
4 Objective questions
Multiple choice questions = MCQ
Match the following : Write both columns LHS = Q, RHS = A (MP)
complete sentence with underlining of the answer is essential for following questions
fill in the blanks (FB)
find correlation : full sentense (FC)
name the following
odd man out : write complete question statement. Odd man out on next line (reason) (OM)
true or false : write corect statement (TF)
5 Give reasons
introduction (statement)
Because :
(minimum 2 valid points whenever possible give four points
conclusion (Hence ...statement)
1 principle involved
2 proper scientific logic
3 application / correlation between principle and statement
4 reason first and then the effect
6 Distinguish between (DI)
1 point : corresponding differences
2 two columns : give proper headings
3 differences not similarities
4 definitions first
5 if possible diagrams to illustrate (?)
two points = two marks (more points if available)
6 do not write negative points as points of distinction
7 do not consider examples as independent points
7 Short questions
definitions : exactly as in book, if formula / symbol mention it
laws
reasons
uses
effect
characteristics
important principles
formulae
8 Short answer questions
50% of the paper is short answer question
4 points at least
pointwise :each point on new line : principle, diagram, construction, working, use etc
underline
properties : most important properties first
write all the points even if only 2 marks question : if more than 4 points, write most important first
draw neat diagram whenever possible
Understand demand of different type of question as follows
Answer in brief
advantages or disadvantages
classify
short notes on
effects of heat on different substances
functions of
what happens when : 1 result or effect of action 2. Why/reason behind result
Explain term / statement
Give examples
Chemifal and structural formula of…
9 Numeric problems : watch for units and conversions
given data in the beginning
1/2 mark
write formula
1/2 mark
calculations
1/2 mark
box around answer
1/2 mark
10 Long answers
suppliment answer with diagram
give all necessary information from textbook
8 points for 4 marks means 1/2 marks per point : subtitles
do not drift from the point
tabular form if possible
most important point first, least important at the end
avoid repetition of points in different words again and again
do not write in essay fashion : each and every important point
if diagram, first introduction then draw diagram and then describe with help of diagram
if mathematical derivation with law, state it first. MEq B91 must have conclusion
Underline points / key words and nor the whole answer
Use of scientific language must,
11 D Group questions
think on your own with common sense
current science affairs also
principle behind the matter
12 Practicle
properly maintained journals
method of working
13 highlighting of important points in the text
14 Balanced chemical reactions
correct formulae and names of compounds and elements
balance number of atoms on both sides of equation
put arrows for ppt or gas evolved
characteristic feature with reaction
write explanation I.e. change after reaction/ during reaction
equation
names of products below formula of compound
15 Simple present tense or present perfect tense
small gramatically correct sentenses
care about spellings
16 All equations and reactions on one paper are useful at the time of examination
GEOGRAPHY and ECONOMICS
GEOGRAPHY and ECONOMICS
This is most neglected subject in the school
Regular reading to memorize all points
Frame questions on every paragraph of the text book
Thorough study of this subject will definitely give a rich harvest
Underline important lines in the textbood
Self study : prepare your own answers from the textbook
Get difficulties faced solved immediately
Utilize your potential in proper direction
Read textbooks thoroughly
Do not attempt extra questions, select proper questions
Geography helps us to know what what surrounds us, where it is located, what is its nature &
what is its significance in our life. People flows, resources flows, mgmt information flow
Deep involvement in the subject is essential
Use geographical terms relevantly
Tabulate lessons for better recollection of information
Make references of maps and diagrams handy
Practice presentation. Handwriting should be good
DO NOT SPLIT ANSWERS : leave space blank if you cannot recollect
Underlining shows that you know the significance of the word
with respect to question and that you have understood the topic
Things made easy for examiner sets an easy flow of marks
1 map filling
a) Use only pencil : regular lead
b) mark the north
c) index using conventional signs, use same signs in the map!
d) conventional colours : forest = green / rivers = blue / plateau= yellow
e) rivers : draw from source to mouth, mark direction of flow
f) railways and highways : from one terminus to other, mark at least two stations in between
g) tropic of cancer : draw full line, mention degrees
h) extent of India : draw lines touching the boundaries, practice the meridian 82 1/2 degrees I.e. IST
i) point location to be marked with a dot on the map
e.g. capitals, centres
j) area locations should be fully shaded
k) airways : draw straight line with ruler arrow pointing destination
l) important port : mark and name it
2 Graph and map reading
answers should be in full sentense
solve all options
3 Distinguish between :
prominent points first
write answer in points
draw columns and answer in sequence
support your points with examples
4 Long answers :
first introduction + stensil / map + pointwise answer in detail
8-10 valid points, support answer with examples
maps and diagrams even if not asked in the question
break answer into paragraphs and paragraphs into points
well organized answer is expected
choose question where answer can be supported with stensil / diagram
begin with overview and followup with details in points
whether the student has balanced understanding of the topic
give suitable examples whereever necessary and possible
provide map or diagram of overview
place diagram on same page as of explanation
prepare flow diagrams for long answers
neat presentation of answer
proper subtitles
balance between clarity and length of sentence
underline important words
use neat shading
precise title, index and borders for maps and diagrams
be aware of time required for writing long answer
answer should be 1.5 pages long
avoid spelling mistakes
draw maps and indicate north direction
examples and representations whereever possible
5 Diagrams :
practice is very essential
take care of size and shape
copy diagrams from text book only
some diagrams need exact measurements
framework for your stensils and figures
draw full stensil and not only peninsula
use of stensils for drawing maps
6 do not change sequence in match the following
7 Fill in the blanks :
if more than one blank, do not change sequence of the word
correct spelling important
do not change sequence of fill in the blanks
8 Give reasons :
read all options before starting and choose best you can write
copy statement and then give appropriate geographical reason
do not start with because…
arrange the points in proper sequence
draw diagrams whereever possible
Use stensisl / maps in almost each answer!
geographical terms / 4 points
underline keywords
write proper conclusion
9 Economics :
careful study of text book essential
for 3 marks at least 4 and maximum 6 points
10 Types of short answer questions
give reasons
explain the term / concept
write shot note
state the names
mention advantages / importance
general question
11 Define terms
use textual definition / terms
don’t give example
write answer in points
12 FIELD WORK AND REPORT WRITING : ANSWER THE THEORY QUESTION
13
Attitude
Equipment : pen, pencil, scale, stencil, eraser
Reading question paper : choose best / be wise and not hasty
Plan of action
Be wise, not hasty
Think before you select
Don’t jump to conclusion
Don’t loose marks by sily mistakes
This is most neglected subject in the school
Regular reading to memorize all points
Frame questions on every paragraph of the text book
Thorough study of this subject will definitely give a rich harvest
Underline important lines in the textbood
Self study : prepare your own answers from the textbook
Get difficulties faced solved immediately
Utilize your potential in proper direction
Read textbooks thoroughly
Do not attempt extra questions, select proper questions
Geography helps us to know what what surrounds us, where it is located, what is its nature &
what is its significance in our life. People flows, resources flows, mgmt information flow
Deep involvement in the subject is essential
Use geographical terms relevantly
Tabulate lessons for better recollection of information
Make references of maps and diagrams handy
Practice presentation. Handwriting should be good
DO NOT SPLIT ANSWERS : leave space blank if you cannot recollect
Underlining shows that you know the significance of the word
with respect to question and that you have understood the topic
Things made easy for examiner sets an easy flow of marks
1 map filling
a) Use only pencil : regular lead
b) mark the north
c) index using conventional signs, use same signs in the map!
d) conventional colours : forest = green / rivers = blue / plateau= yellow
e) rivers : draw from source to mouth, mark direction of flow
f) railways and highways : from one terminus to other, mark at least two stations in between
g) tropic of cancer : draw full line, mention degrees
h) extent of India : draw lines touching the boundaries, practice the meridian 82 1/2 degrees I.e. IST
i) point location to be marked with a dot on the map
e.g. capitals, centres
j) area locations should be fully shaded
k) airways : draw straight line with ruler arrow pointing destination
l) important port : mark and name it
2 Graph and map reading
answers should be in full sentense
solve all options
3 Distinguish between :
prominent points first
write answer in points
draw columns and answer in sequence
support your points with examples
4 Long answers :
first introduction + stensil / map + pointwise answer in detail
8-10 valid points, support answer with examples
maps and diagrams even if not asked in the question
break answer into paragraphs and paragraphs into points
well organized answer is expected
choose question where answer can be supported with stensil / diagram
begin with overview and followup with details in points
whether the student has balanced understanding of the topic
give suitable examples whereever necessary and possible
provide map or diagram of overview
place diagram on same page as of explanation
prepare flow diagrams for long answers
neat presentation of answer
proper subtitles
balance between clarity and length of sentence
underline important words
use neat shading
precise title, index and borders for maps and diagrams
be aware of time required for writing long answer
answer should be 1.5 pages long
avoid spelling mistakes
draw maps and indicate north direction
examples and representations whereever possible
5 Diagrams :
practice is very essential
take care of size and shape
copy diagrams from text book only
some diagrams need exact measurements
framework for your stensils and figures
draw full stensil and not only peninsula
use of stensils for drawing maps
6 do not change sequence in match the following
7 Fill in the blanks :
if more than one blank, do not change sequence of the word
correct spelling important
do not change sequence of fill in the blanks
8 Give reasons :
read all options before starting and choose best you can write
copy statement and then give appropriate geographical reason
do not start with because…
arrange the points in proper sequence
draw diagrams whereever possible
Use stensisl / maps in almost each answer!
geographical terms / 4 points
underline keywords
write proper conclusion
9 Economics :
careful study of text book essential
for 3 marks at least 4 and maximum 6 points
10 Types of short answer questions
give reasons
explain the term / concept
write shot note
state the names
mention advantages / importance
general question
11 Define terms
use textual definition / terms
don’t give example
write answer in points
12 FIELD WORK AND REPORT WRITING : ANSWER THE THEORY QUESTION
13
Attitude
Equipment : pen, pencil, scale, stencil, eraser
Reading question paper : choose best / be wise and not hasty
Plan of action
Be wise, not hasty
Think before you select
Don’t jump to conclusion
Don’t loose marks by sily mistakes
HISTORY and CIVICS
HISTORY CIVICS
Do not neglect this subject as you can get very high score!
No use crying over spilt milk
No questions outside text book are asked
Every single mark counts for aggregate which is finally important!
It is a factual subject and no room for generalization
Read the text book several times
underline important dates and facts in the text book, treates and pacts /
highlight important points in the text book
personalities and their deeds to be jotted down with above
understand locations of countries you are studying about
write dates years and events in chronological order after reading each topic (CHART)
assess your unit test/teminal papers as to where you lost marks
re-write these papers!
Solve from Q1 to Q8 as far as possible
Number questions and subquestions properly
leave 2-3 lines blank between two subquestions
start each new question on new page
prepare files for each type of question!
comprehend what you learn
historical event :- effects :- cause of next event
proper time management for each question
check for spelling mistakes after completing the paper
Global awareness of malpractices of rulers all over the world from time to time
which has curtailed the rights and freedom of humanity
Patriotic sense and civic values
Best form of government which will promote healty growth as citizens
International citizenship
1 Fill in the blanks
spellings of words, Capital letter in proper nouns, underlining
Remember hyphen in hyphenated word e.g. Afro-Asian etc
Remember to write The President, The Prime Minister etc
full sentence with underline blank
leave one line blank after one answer
2 Give reasons
Copy given statement
minimum 4 points
try to find historical implication of the given statement
all necessary points in proper sequence
do not write unnecessary details
close reading and ability of writing to the point is tested
7-8 lines
number to be given to each point
underline important words & sentenses
cause-event-(conclusion)-effect formula
Dates of events ( mark those known, then arrange others)
Two points : add more points if necessary to complete answer
3 Long answer questions : 20 lines
choose question which has pointed answers against those which have descriptive nature
analytical ability in tackling the question
a introduction or background of the event
b elaboration of points mentioned in the question :
date, nonth ,year, name of place, country, party, community
c short term and long term effects of the event
List the events / points chronologically
Mention dates wherever relevant
Introduction :2-3 lines
main points : paragraphs numbering (A,B,C) points (1,2,….17,…30)
use of subtitles, underline important dates, events, leaders, achievements
Conclusion: 2-3 lines
4 correct alternative :
full sentence with underling alternative
5 Match the following :
in exact order as per the question paper
Always draw a box and two columns
do not change sequence of column A : write its serial number
if answer not known or doubtful, leave blank
6 Short notes with respect to GIVEN points :
do not give any other information, stick to asked points only
7 Civics :
underline and learn technical words from civics
do not mix one point into another
use of relevant terms is essential : textual language
Do not neglect this subject as you can get very high score!
No use crying over spilt milk
No questions outside text book are asked
Every single mark counts for aggregate which is finally important!
It is a factual subject and no room for generalization
Read the text book several times
underline important dates and facts in the text book, treates and pacts /
highlight important points in the text book
personalities and their deeds to be jotted down with above
understand locations of countries you are studying about
write dates years and events in chronological order after reading each topic (CHART)
assess your unit test/teminal papers as to where you lost marks
re-write these papers!
Solve from Q1 to Q8 as far as possible
Number questions and subquestions properly
leave 2-3 lines blank between two subquestions
start each new question on new page
prepare files for each type of question!
comprehend what you learn
historical event :- effects :- cause of next event
proper time management for each question
check for spelling mistakes after completing the paper
Global awareness of malpractices of rulers all over the world from time to time
which has curtailed the rights and freedom of humanity
Patriotic sense and civic values
Best form of government which will promote healty growth as citizens
International citizenship
1 Fill in the blanks
spellings of words, Capital letter in proper nouns, underlining
Remember hyphen in hyphenated word e.g. Afro-Asian etc
Remember to write The President, The Prime Minister etc
full sentence with underline blank
leave one line blank after one answer
2 Give reasons
Copy given statement
minimum 4 points
try to find historical implication of the given statement
all necessary points in proper sequence
do not write unnecessary details
close reading and ability of writing to the point is tested
7-8 lines
number to be given to each point
underline important words & sentenses
cause-event-(conclusion)-effect formula
Dates of events ( mark those known, then arrange others)
Two points : add more points if necessary to complete answer
3 Long answer questions : 20 lines
choose question which has pointed answers against those which have descriptive nature
analytical ability in tackling the question
a introduction or background of the event
b elaboration of points mentioned in the question :
date, nonth ,year, name of place, country, party, community
c short term and long term effects of the event
List the events / points chronologically
Mention dates wherever relevant
Introduction :2-3 lines
main points : paragraphs numbering (A,B,C) points (1,2,….17,…30)
use of subtitles, underline important dates, events, leaders, achievements
Conclusion: 2-3 lines
4 correct alternative :
full sentence with underling alternative
5 Match the following :
in exact order as per the question paper
Always draw a box and two columns
do not change sequence of column A : write its serial number
if answer not known or doubtful, leave blank
6 Short notes with respect to GIVEN points :
do not give any other information, stick to asked points only
7 Civics :
underline and learn technical words from civics
do not mix one point into another
use of relevant terms is essential : textual language
Wednesday, August 15, 2007
Geometry
1 Systematic and regular study
2 Know starred theorems thoroughly
3 Write all theorems in a notebook with one or two examples
4 Most of the problems asked will be from your text book
5 Remember all the formulae
6 Question wise time scheduling is very important
7 Revise 3-4 subjects every day to avoid fatigue
8 Solve sums from different chapters after you complete preliminary studies
9 While writing proof, write name of theorem or property on which the step is based
10 If you can not solve completely, write steps till you know
11 Practice development of logical thinking for geometry
12 Write answers in accordance with model answers
13 Solve the questions in the order in which they are asked
14 Write correct question number
15 Write theorems and proofs in systematic manner
16 Give reason for every statement/step
17 Draw appropriate figure from the information given in the question
diagrams should be proportionate
18 In geometric construction, draw a rough sketch and then fair construction
Show calculations regarding angles, height, median etc
Never write steps of constructions
Write all the measurements on the fair figure
Write required answer / measurement as answer in box
19 Never rub marks of your construction once construction is over
20 Do not forget to find out the measures asked in the construction
21 Rough work on the last page, or separate sheet of paper
22 Check question nos 1-4 before you start solving question no 5,6
23 Write units of the answers eg. Area cm2, volume unit3, Length (km) etc
24 Use of correct formula in mensuration is very important
25 Find the desired answer! (total area, area of 4 sectors after calculating for 1)
26 Think logically and write answer in correct logical format
27 Write property used, mention formula and insert values
28 Problem must be solved in proper order
29 Use of proper sign such as triangle, angle, segment, degree, congruency, similarity
30 Given
To prove
Construction
Diagram
Steps of proof
2 Know starred theorems thoroughly
3 Write all theorems in a notebook with one or two examples
4 Most of the problems asked will be from your text book
5 Remember all the formulae
6 Question wise time scheduling is very important
7 Revise 3-4 subjects every day to avoid fatigue
8 Solve sums from different chapters after you complete preliminary studies
9 While writing proof, write name of theorem or property on which the step is based
10 If you can not solve completely, write steps till you know
11 Practice development of logical thinking for geometry
12 Write answers in accordance with model answers
13 Solve the questions in the order in which they are asked
14 Write correct question number
15 Write theorems and proofs in systematic manner
16 Give reason for every statement/step
17 Draw appropriate figure from the information given in the question
diagrams should be proportionate
18 In geometric construction, draw a rough sketch and then fair construction
Show calculations regarding angles, height, median etc
Never write steps of constructions
Write all the measurements on the fair figure
Write required answer / measurement as answer in box
19 Never rub marks of your construction once construction is over
20 Do not forget to find out the measures asked in the construction
21 Rough work on the last page, or separate sheet of paper
22 Check question nos 1-4 before you start solving question no 5,6
23 Write units of the answers eg. Area cm2, volume unit3, Length (km) etc
24 Use of correct formula in mensuration is very important
25 Find the desired answer! (total area, area of 4 sectors after calculating for 1)
26 Think logically and write answer in correct logical format
27 Write property used, mention formula and insert values
28 Problem must be solved in proper order
29 Use of proper sign such as triangle, angle, segment, degree, congruency, similarity
30 Given
To prove
Construction
Diagram
Steps of proof
ENGLISH X Std
ENGLISH X Std
Exercise your descretion to accept advise from many people!
Success comes to those who strive hard to achieve
Planned efforts and proper direction in studies will yield good harvest
consciously followed efforts will bear rich fruits
Positive effort, dedication, devotion and determination will lead to pinnacle of glory.
Self notes, efforts from withing
Coming events cast their shadows beforehand
If you refuse to accept anything but the best, you often get it
Plan your work properly and execute your plan
If you write language paper with proper words in proper places, doing full justice to
matter and method you will really score good marks
Every good student has same matter in the answer sheet, but presentation makes difference
Systematically written neat and tidy paper will impress minds of the examiner
Well begun is half done : Bold, good handwriting till the end!
Matter and manner, both are equally important
If you follow serial order, it will be convenient for examiner and appear neat and tidy.
Serial order : leave some space if want time to think
Thing of beauty is a joy for ever
Make your paper distinctive and faultless : joy goes to the examiner
Can not get marks as in science (can go upto 85-86)
Spelling mistake or error in construction of sentense will lead to deduction of marks
Perceive, persevere and perfection should be your moto
Exam is sprint, you have to run the marathon through out the year!
Flawless and faultless + Ornamental, Flamboyant if possible
Skills are to be developed as Evangelist
Reading glossary at the end of each lesson is a must
Short summary of each topic ; global understanding / long questions
Titles, authors and poets in the form of chart
Vocabulary : idioms and phrases in lesson are used appropriately
Time management with each section
Haste leads to spelling mistakes which are not detected by students while checking
Framework on each page before beginning to write paper (10 mins)
Presentation = Handwriting + drawing margins + line after each question + underlining
Practice writing during last 2 months when you are revising textbooks (write + read)
Keep your hand supple for the last fight!
Read to understand
Understand to assimilate
Assmilate to express
Express to make an impact
Parents : Stand by your ward in sun and shower
Toppers do not do different things, they do things differently
A. PROSE COMPREHENSION
Do not copy same line from the passage
You have to show that you have understood the text / poem and your vocabulary is rich to
express the contents in your own words / use decorative language
Do not add any extra information
Marks
Total
1
Factual question on global understanding
1
1
2
Simple factual question
2
1
2
3
Complex factual question
2
1
2
do not forget to answer second part : paragraph
4
Interpretative type of question
1
2
2
Justify your reason for your opinion
5
Question on vocabulary
1
1
1
Spelling of the word : change the form
6
Question on grammer
1
1
1
explain figure of speech
7
Paragraph / summary question
1
3
3
*
Long question needs knowledge of whole lesson / unit
TOTAL
12
Always answer positively
Acquaintance with the text is essential
*
One glance at the paragraph should tell you its content
Introduction, authors name, lesson name, idioms and phrases, key words to be underlined
answer in two paragraphs
Unseen passages :
Vocabulary standard if you have habit of reading
B. POETRY COMPREHENSION
What is this poem about : keep this answer ready for all poems in text book
Central idea of the poem should be understood
Not lines in the poem : write in prose
Rhyming words in the poem : usually asked
Figure of speech : revise for each poem
spelling of fos : explain properly
1
Factual question on global understanding
1
1
2
Question on poetic language
1
1
1
second line of third stanza / third line of second stanza!!
3
Pesonal response question
2
1
2
4
Interpretative type of question
2
2
4
5
Paragraph question
1
3
3
Long question needs knowledge of whole lesson / unit
TOTAL
11
BROAD QUESTION
No need to write detailed introduction as in marathi paper,
but synopsis of the lesson should be included.
C. Grammer : magic or tragic
Full marks if studied properly
Do not write wrong answer, leave space for questions which can not be solved
Text book
Idioms and phreses
Transformation of sentenses : without changing meaning!
Do not write question, it will be waste of time. Please write only the answers
Punctuation marks essential
Make assertive,
can be positive or negative
Make affirmative / negative (use of oppostive verb)
use : fails to, avoid, refrain from, obtain from, without, hardly, besides etc
use no, not, never, not only.. but also, neither.. Nor, etc while making negative
no sooner .. Than
no no,not,none
Make exclamatory
use exclamatory mark at the end of the sentense
intense wish / deep wish / strong feeling should be shown in the sentense
Make Interogative
meaning should not change
Question mark essential
Make positive/negative
Question tags : comma after sentense, question mark at the end
If sentense positive, tag negative
If sentense negative, tag positive
Punctuations
Degrees : change degree of comparasion
80
e.g not as tall as
positive, comparitive, superlative
Direct and indirect speech
Direct : First person, inverted commas, exact words of the speaker
Indirect : not exatct, reported by other person,
mood of the speaker should be expressed e.g.
exclaimed, requested, ordered, questioned, enquired, appealed, interfered
Conversation : told, informed, instructed, remarked, encouraged, commented etc
When direct speech states universal fact, tense of reported speech is not changes
ago x before, here x there, last night x previous night, tomorrow x the next day
Change the voice : carefule while changing tense of the verb
do not drop any word from the sentense
Whice voice?
Tense should not be change
Question in active voice remains question in passive voice also
Let the active voice be in any tense, remember that the verb is always in
past participle form in passive voice
When given sentense names no sentense, provide one while changing into active voice
Use subordinators and coordinators
Coordinating conjunction joins together clauses of equal rank
and, but, so, for, or, also, still, either..or, neither..nor
Subordinating conjunction joins a class to another on which it depends for its full meaning
e.g. after, because, though, although, that, if, before, as, unless, whxxx
Clause analysis
Formation of words
Dual use : Noun and verbs
Shoulder
Record
Desire
prefixes and sufixes
en
courage
lighten
Contracted forms to be used in (auxillaries and modals)
informal writing / conversations / statements / interogative sentenses e.g.
let's
let us
haven't
have not
can
could
shall
should
may
might
will
would
Use / Remove modal auxillary
D. READING and WRITING : faultless
R : increase your word power
Related to topics of the text
Skills to be developed steadily, vocabulary
LETTER WRITING
Choose formal letter, it is short and scoring!
senders address at the right hand side
Proper official address, designation,
subject , salutation
thanking you at the end near left hand margin
yours truly etc at the right hand margin
donts : lengthy address, short forms, american english like Hi, drawing envelop, identity
don’t write subject for editors letter : refer to the format in english text book
short paragraph of introduction
followed by main paragraph
REPORT
Title carries one mark
Place and date and then proceed
Indirect Speech /Reported speech, do not write in first person
16-20 sentenses in past tense!
Factual report of the event or incident
Notice board / School magazine / program writing / instruction in laboratory or library
Conducting interview
Vocabulary
visual picture of the event in front of eyes of the reader
when, where, how, what, which etc details describing the event
Collection of cuttings from good newspapers / magazines for report writing
ESSAY WRITING Naration
Recollect points, see length of essay
Maximum marks in the paper
Reveals your level of expression, range of vocabulary and presentation
What you feel and think is more important
Quotations, good thoughts, extracts from famous writers, proverbs etc should be ready
Unforgettable event in my life / My neighbours / My Sweet Home
Argumentative
Reflective
Select proper topics
Introduction attractive, conclusion is a must
Embelish your style of writing : Simple and attactive language
Can start with assertive, exclamatory or interogative sentenses to drive away readers boredom
Underline important sentenses whereever necessary, good presentation gets good marks!
Do not start hurridly and start essay, choose propely and then stick to that topic
Do not end essay abruptly
Topics are suggested in the textbook
Borrowed feathers do not suit! Write your own thoughts in your own language
Exercise your descretion to accept advise from many people!
Success comes to those who strive hard to achieve
Planned efforts and proper direction in studies will yield good harvest
consciously followed efforts will bear rich fruits
Positive effort, dedication, devotion and determination will lead to pinnacle of glory.
Self notes, efforts from withing
Coming events cast their shadows beforehand
If you refuse to accept anything but the best, you often get it
Plan your work properly and execute your plan
If you write language paper with proper words in proper places, doing full justice to
matter and method you will really score good marks
Every good student has same matter in the answer sheet, but presentation makes difference
Systematically written neat and tidy paper will impress minds of the examiner
Well begun is half done : Bold, good handwriting till the end!
Matter and manner, both are equally important
If you follow serial order, it will be convenient for examiner and appear neat and tidy.
Serial order : leave some space if want time to think
Thing of beauty is a joy for ever
Make your paper distinctive and faultless : joy goes to the examiner
Can not get marks as in science (can go upto 85-86)
Spelling mistake or error in construction of sentense will lead to deduction of marks
Perceive, persevere and perfection should be your moto
Exam is sprint, you have to run the marathon through out the year!
Flawless and faultless + Ornamental, Flamboyant if possible
Skills are to be developed as Evangelist
Reading glossary at the end of each lesson is a must
Short summary of each topic ; global understanding / long questions
Titles, authors and poets in the form of chart
Vocabulary : idioms and phrases in lesson are used appropriately
Time management with each section
Haste leads to spelling mistakes which are not detected by students while checking
Framework on each page before beginning to write paper (10 mins)
Presentation = Handwriting + drawing margins + line after each question + underlining
Practice writing during last 2 months when you are revising textbooks (write + read)
Keep your hand supple for the last fight!
Read to understand
Understand to assimilate
Assmilate to express
Express to make an impact
Parents : Stand by your ward in sun and shower
Toppers do not do different things, they do things differently
A. PROSE COMPREHENSION
Do not copy same line from the passage
You have to show that you have understood the text / poem and your vocabulary is rich to
express the contents in your own words / use decorative language
Do not add any extra information
Marks
Total
1
Factual question on global understanding
1
1
2
Simple factual question
2
1
2
3
Complex factual question
2
1
2
do not forget to answer second part : paragraph
4
Interpretative type of question
1
2
2
Justify your reason for your opinion
5
Question on vocabulary
1
1
1
Spelling of the word : change the form
6
Question on grammer
1
1
1
explain figure of speech
7
Paragraph / summary question
1
3
3
*
Long question needs knowledge of whole lesson / unit
TOTAL
12
Always answer positively
Acquaintance with the text is essential
*
One glance at the paragraph should tell you its content
Introduction, authors name, lesson name, idioms and phrases, key words to be underlined
answer in two paragraphs
Unseen passages :
Vocabulary standard if you have habit of reading
B. POETRY COMPREHENSION
What is this poem about : keep this answer ready for all poems in text book
Central idea of the poem should be understood
Not lines in the poem : write in prose
Rhyming words in the poem : usually asked
Figure of speech : revise for each poem
spelling of fos : explain properly
1
Factual question on global understanding
1
1
2
Question on poetic language
1
1
1
second line of third stanza / third line of second stanza!!
3
Pesonal response question
2
1
2
4
Interpretative type of question
2
2
4
5
Paragraph question
1
3
3
Long question needs knowledge of whole lesson / unit
TOTAL
11
BROAD QUESTION
No need to write detailed introduction as in marathi paper,
but synopsis of the lesson should be included.
C. Grammer : magic or tragic
Full marks if studied properly
Do not write wrong answer, leave space for questions which can not be solved
Text book
Idioms and phreses
Transformation of sentenses : without changing meaning!
Do not write question, it will be waste of time. Please write only the answers
Punctuation marks essential
Make assertive,
can be positive or negative
Make affirmative / negative (use of oppostive verb)
use : fails to, avoid, refrain from, obtain from, without, hardly, besides etc
use no, not, never, not only.. but also, neither.. Nor, etc while making negative
no sooner .. Than
no no,not,none
Make exclamatory
use exclamatory mark at the end of the sentense
intense wish / deep wish / strong feeling should be shown in the sentense
Make Interogative
meaning should not change
Question mark essential
Make positive/negative
Question tags : comma after sentense, question mark at the end
If sentense positive, tag negative
If sentense negative, tag positive
Punctuations
Degrees : change degree of comparasion
80
e.g not as tall as
positive, comparitive, superlative
Direct and indirect speech
Direct : First person, inverted commas, exact words of the speaker
Indirect : not exatct, reported by other person,
mood of the speaker should be expressed e.g.
exclaimed, requested, ordered, questioned, enquired, appealed, interfered
Conversation : told, informed, instructed, remarked, encouraged, commented etc
When direct speech states universal fact, tense of reported speech is not changes
ago x before, here x there, last night x previous night, tomorrow x the next day
Change the voice : carefule while changing tense of the verb
do not drop any word from the sentense
Whice voice?
Tense should not be change
Question in active voice remains question in passive voice also
Let the active voice be in any tense, remember that the verb is always in
past participle form in passive voice
When given sentense names no sentense, provide one while changing into active voice
Use subordinators and coordinators
Coordinating conjunction joins together clauses of equal rank
and, but, so, for, or, also, still, either..or, neither..nor
Subordinating conjunction joins a class to another on which it depends for its full meaning
e.g. after, because, though, although, that, if, before, as, unless, whxxx
Clause analysis
Formation of words
Dual use : Noun and verbs
Shoulder
Record
Desire
prefixes and sufixes
en
courage
lighten
Contracted forms to be used in (auxillaries and modals)
informal writing / conversations / statements / interogative sentenses e.g.
let's
let us
haven't
have not
can
could
shall
should
may
might
will
would
Use / Remove modal auxillary
D. READING and WRITING : faultless
R : increase your word power
Related to topics of the text
Skills to be developed steadily, vocabulary
LETTER WRITING
Choose formal letter, it is short and scoring!
senders address at the right hand side
Proper official address, designation,
subject , salutation
thanking you at the end near left hand margin
yours truly etc at the right hand margin
donts : lengthy address, short forms, american english like Hi, drawing envelop, identity
don’t write subject for editors letter : refer to the format in english text book
short paragraph of introduction
followed by main paragraph
REPORT
Title carries one mark
Place and date and then proceed
Indirect Speech /Reported speech, do not write in first person
16-20 sentenses in past tense!
Factual report of the event or incident
Notice board / School magazine / program writing / instruction in laboratory or library
Conducting interview
Vocabulary
visual picture of the event in front of eyes of the reader
when, where, how, what, which etc details describing the event
Collection of cuttings from good newspapers / magazines for report writing
ESSAY WRITING Naration
Recollect points, see length of essay
Maximum marks in the paper
Reveals your level of expression, range of vocabulary and presentation
What you feel and think is more important
Quotations, good thoughts, extracts from famous writers, proverbs etc should be ready
Unforgettable event in my life / My neighbours / My Sweet Home
Argumentative
Reflective
Select proper topics
Introduction attractive, conclusion is a must
Embelish your style of writing : Simple and attactive language
Can start with assertive, exclamatory or interogative sentenses to drive away readers boredom
Underline important sentenses whereever necessary, good presentation gets good marks!
Do not start hurridly and start essay, choose propely and then stick to that topic
Do not end essay abruptly
Topics are suggested in the textbook
Borrowed feathers do not suit! Write your own thoughts in your own language
Algebra
1 Every day practice
2 Solve each and every example of text book
3 Study all the solved examples in the text book
4 First solve group a and b with full concentration
5 D Group problems are based on but not from textbook
6 Solve as many question papers as possible
7 Questionwise time scheduling is important
8 Solve as per standard model answers available in market
9 Try to find hidden meaning of the problem if any
10 Take down given data correctly and check in before proceeding to solve question
11 Conversion of units in one system
11 In ratio proportion problems write name of the property used
e.gcomponendo
12 for variation : constant of variation, equation of variation and final answer
are to be written in boxes
13 Understand difference between factorization and quadratic equation
for factorization answer may be (x+1) (x-2) but for quadratic equation ans will be x = 2 or x = -1
Quadratic equations should be solved by the method which is expected in the question
if asked to solve by completion of square and you solve by formula method you will loose marks
first formula, then substitute values and then calculation
Solution set should be written in { }
If any of the answers is eliminated reason should be mentioned e.g. age can not be negative etc
14 In trigonometry, draw figures whenever necessary
if identities are used e.g 30-60-90 or sin2@ + cos2@ = 1 they should be mentioned as reason
15 Do not omit any step as marks are given stepwise
16 If you can not solve complete example, write steps till whatever you know
17 Write answers of word problems in complete sentenses
e.g. Length of the rectangle = x+ 4 = 3+4 = 7 cm threfore
length of rectangle = 7 cm
18 Answer should be written in a box with unit clearly at the end of the problem
19 see type of question and work accordingly eg solve / fond roots of / factorize
20 Simultaneous equations : solve using text book method, write solution set as { ( , ) }
21 Specific method of writing answer in order to secure maximum marks alloted for the question
( As per model answers )
22 Solve question paper starting from question no 1 to 6
23 for question 1 and 2 solve some extra sub questions
see that subquestins are numbered properly
24 New question should be started on new page, solve all subquestions of one question together
25 Do not solve sub questions of Question 3-6 in the beginning
Solve extra questions only if time is available
26 Use separate page for rough work
27 Do not overwrite, draw a line on wrong word/answer and write again
28 Do not waste time on one question if you can not solve it, go to next question
29 Attach all suppliments in proper order
30 Finally see that appearance of your answer paper is neat and tidy
31 Difference between factorization and quadratic equations
32 Use of correct mathematical language
33 Proper care about +, - , x, /
34 Use of proper symbols like =, x, therefore, if
therefore before equation
equal to before factorization and simplification
35 Use of correct brackets :
( , ) for coordinates
{ ( ) } for solution set
{ } for more than one value of a variable
check wheher meaning of the equation is not changed by using or not using brackets
36 Most of the times, final answer carries 1/2 to 1 mark, steps are very important
37 mention important notes and properties e.g. K is constant of variation
38 Answers of all subquestions in a question must be in boxes
39 Stop at point which is asked for e.g. if x+y is asked do not give values of x and y!
40 Perform operations on decimal fractions, vulgar fractions, +ve and -ve numbers correctly
be careful while getting cubes, cuberoots, squares and square roots
e.g. x2 = 36 therefore x = plus or minus 6 ( do not forget minus)
x2 = 36 therefore x = root 6 ( instead of root 36 root 6 is written)
multiplying both sides of equation by a value
D group questions
1 keep time factor in mind
2 Never spend more than 10 minutes for one sum
3 Q5 Gr D sums from book
4 Q6 Gr D sums outside book
Graphs
1 Draw arrow heads to both x and y axes
2 Show coordinates of points on the axes correctly
3 label axes as xx' and yy'
4 write scale at the upper right corner of the paper (bar diagram, freq polygon etc)
5 show the origin properly with 0
7 after plotting points, draw the lines with arrow heads on both ends
8 write equation of the line on the line
9 Co-ordinates of point on x axis are e.g. (4,0) and not x = 4 or 4
10 Calculate percentages properly for pie diagrams and percentage bar diagarams
11 While drawing graph, write scale, equation of the line on the graph use pointed pencil on graph paper (and not pen) and write answer on lined page should be written with pen.
12 indicate both axes with proper caption, mark point of intersection on graph paper
13 One graph paper should be used for one sum, write equation of the line as y = ….
14 In histogram, bar diagram write what is indicated by the axes in bar diagram do shading with pencil
Proofs
While giving proofs for statements follow the sequence below
1 Solve LHS first and label its last step as 1
2 Solve RHS and label its last step as 2
3 write as from statements 1 and 2
LHS = RHS is proved
4 Sometimes by solving only one side
2 Solve each and every example of text book
3 Study all the solved examples in the text book
4 First solve group a and b with full concentration
5 D Group problems are based on but not from textbook
6 Solve as many question papers as possible
7 Questionwise time scheduling is important
8 Solve as per standard model answers available in market
9 Try to find hidden meaning of the problem if any
10 Take down given data correctly and check in before proceeding to solve question
11 Conversion of units in one system
11 In ratio proportion problems write name of the property used
e.gcomponendo
12 for variation : constant of variation, equation of variation and final answer
are to be written in boxes
13 Understand difference between factorization and quadratic equation
for factorization answer may be (x+1) (x-2) but for quadratic equation ans will be x = 2 or x = -1
Quadratic equations should be solved by the method which is expected in the question
if asked to solve by completion of square and you solve by formula method you will loose marks
first formula, then substitute values and then calculation
Solution set should be written in { }
If any of the answers is eliminated reason should be mentioned e.g. age can not be negative etc
14 In trigonometry, draw figures whenever necessary
if identities are used e.g 30-60-90 or sin2@ + cos2@ = 1 they should be mentioned as reason
15 Do not omit any step as marks are given stepwise
16 If you can not solve complete example, write steps till whatever you know
17 Write answers of word problems in complete sentenses
e.g. Length of the rectangle = x+ 4 = 3+4 = 7 cm threfore
length of rectangle = 7 cm
18 Answer should be written in a box with unit clearly at the end of the problem
19 see type of question and work accordingly eg solve / fond roots of / factorize
20 Simultaneous equations : solve using text book method, write solution set as { ( , ) }
21 Specific method of writing answer in order to secure maximum marks alloted for the question
( As per model answers )
22 Solve question paper starting from question no 1 to 6
23 for question 1 and 2 solve some extra sub questions
see that subquestins are numbered properly
24 New question should be started on new page, solve all subquestions of one question together
25 Do not solve sub questions of Question 3-6 in the beginning
Solve extra questions only if time is available
26 Use separate page for rough work
27 Do not overwrite, draw a line on wrong word/answer and write again
28 Do not waste time on one question if you can not solve it, go to next question
29 Attach all suppliments in proper order
30 Finally see that appearance of your answer paper is neat and tidy
31 Difference between factorization and quadratic equations
32 Use of correct mathematical language
33 Proper care about +, - , x, /
34 Use of proper symbols like =, x, therefore, if
therefore before equation
equal to before factorization and simplification
35 Use of correct brackets :
( , ) for coordinates
{ ( ) } for solution set
{ } for more than one value of a variable
check wheher meaning of the equation is not changed by using or not using brackets
36 Most of the times, final answer carries 1/2 to 1 mark, steps are very important
37 mention important notes and properties e.g. K is constant of variation
38 Answers of all subquestions in a question must be in boxes
39 Stop at point which is asked for e.g. if x+y is asked do not give values of x and y!
40 Perform operations on decimal fractions, vulgar fractions, +ve and -ve numbers correctly
be careful while getting cubes, cuberoots, squares and square roots
e.g. x2 = 36 therefore x = plus or minus 6 ( do not forget minus)
x2 = 36 therefore x = root 6 ( instead of root 36 root 6 is written)
multiplying both sides of equation by a value
D group questions
1 keep time factor in mind
2 Never spend more than 10 minutes for one sum
3 Q5 Gr D sums from book
4 Q6 Gr D sums outside book
Graphs
1 Draw arrow heads to both x and y axes
2 Show coordinates of points on the axes correctly
3 label axes as xx' and yy'
4 write scale at the upper right corner of the paper (bar diagram, freq polygon etc)
5 show the origin properly with 0
7 after plotting points, draw the lines with arrow heads on both ends
8 write equation of the line on the line
9 Co-ordinates of point on x axis are e.g. (4,0) and not x = 4 or 4
10 Calculate percentages properly for pie diagrams and percentage bar diagarams
11 While drawing graph, write scale, equation of the line on the graph use pointed pencil on graph paper (and not pen) and write answer on lined page should be written with pen.
12 indicate both axes with proper caption, mark point of intersection on graph paper
13 One graph paper should be used for one sum, write equation of the line as y = ….
14 In histogram, bar diagram write what is indicated by the axes in bar diagram do shading with pencil
Proofs
While giving proofs for statements follow the sequence below
1 Solve LHS first and label its last step as 1
2 Solve RHS and label its last step as 2
3 write as from statements 1 and 2
LHS = RHS is proved
4 Sometimes by solving only one side
मराठी (द्वितीय भाषा)
उत्तर पत्रिकेचे सादरीकरण चांगले असेल तर परिक्षकाला कंटाळा न येता वाचन केले जाते आणि ते आवडल्यास आपोआपच गुण चांगले मिळतात. त्यासाठी आपल्या उत्तरपत्रिकेच्या गुणवत्तेबद्दल तडजोड करू नये. तेव्हडं चालतं असे म्हटल्यावर मार्क गळणारच. चांगल्या अक्षरासाठी विचारांचा वेग आणि हात चालणे आवश्यक आहे. त्यासाठी पाठ्यपुस्तकाला भगवद्गीता मानून त्याच्या अभ्यासाचे महत्वाचे साधन म्हणून वापर करावा. नियमित, दररोज १/२ तास अभ्यास, पाठ्यपुस्तकाचे ८-१० वेळा वाचन, पाठांतर आणि नियोजनबद्ध पध्दतीने प्रश्नपत्रिका सोडवताना अलंकारिक भाषेचा वापर करणे ही मराठीत यश मिळवण्याची गुरुकिल्ली आहे! धडा वाचल्यावर पुस्तकावर तारीख घालावी म्हणजे धडा किती वेळा वाचला ते कळेल.
कमीत कमी वेळात जास्तीत जास्त चांगल्या पध्दतीने तयारी करावी. खालीलप्रमाणे रेखीव लिखाण करावे. उत्तर पत्रिका हातात आल्याबरोबर शक्य असल्यास २-३ पुरवण्या पेपरला जोडून टाकाव्यात. संपूर्ण पेपरला डावीकडे पोट समास व उजवीकडे एक समास आखावा. नवीन प्रश्न नवीन पानावर सोडवणे आवश्यक आहे. उपप्रश्न क्रमवार सोडवावेत. एखादा उपप्रश्न नंतर सोडवणार असल्यास त्याच्यासाठी जागा सोडावी म्हणजे परिक्षकाचा गोंधळ उडत नाही. उपप्रश्न संपल्यानंतर समासाच्या आतून रेघ मारावी, मुख्य प्रश्न संपल्यावर समासाच्या बाहेरून रेघ मारावी, व ती दुहेरी करावी.
प्रश्न क्रमांक एक निबंध हा सर्वात शेवटी लिहावा, बाकी सर्व शक्यतो क्रमानेच सोडवावेत. प्रत्येक प्रश्नाचे एक शीर्षक तयार करून ते प्रश्न क्रमांकाच्या पुढे लिहावे. उदा :-
प्रश्न २ : दीर्घोत्तरी प्रश्न (गद्य)
या प्रश्नप्रकारात उत्तराची किंमत वाढवणे महत्वाचे आहे.
८०% विद्यार्थ्यांना २ गुण मिळतात
१९% विद्यार्थ्यांना ३ गुण मिळतात
फारच थोड्या विद्यार्थ्यांना ३ १/२ गुण मिळतात
४/४ गुण मिळवणार विद्यार्थी विरळाच!
१) प्रस्तावना : लेखकाचे नाव, विशेषण, पुरस्कार, पुस्तक, कथासंग्रहाचे नाव, पाठाचे स्वरूप, मध्यवर्ती कल्पना आणि संदेश ही माहिती २ वाक्यांमधे यावी.
२) मुद्दे : संकल्पनांचे स्पष्टीकरण, संदर्भ/पूर्वपीठीका, घटनांचा क्रम, प्रत्येक मुद्द्याल्या परिच्छेद, अवतरणे व म्हणी (नवीन ओळ) पाठतील नव्या शब्दांचा वापर आणि अधोरेखन
३) समारोप : दोन ओळींमधे आकर्षक करावा.
प्रश्न ३ :
१) एका वाक्यात उत्तरे- पुस्तकातील शब्दांचा वापर- धड्यात न सापडणारे पूर्ण वाक्य तपशीलांसकट तयार करावे- शुध्दलेखनासाठी गुण कापले जातात.
२) विधान पूर्ण करा- पूर्ण केलेला भाग अधोरेखित करणे
३) कोण कोणास म्हणाले- वाक्य, कोण, कोणाला- शुध्दलेखन महत्वाचे
प्रश्न ४ : दीर्घोत्तरी प्रश्न (पद्य)
हा प्रश्न सोडवण्यासाठी कविता पाठ असणे आवश्यक आहे.
१) प्रस्तावना - लेखकाचे नाव, विशेषण, पुरस्कार, कवितासंग्रहाचे नाव
२) स्वरूप : उपमा, रुपक, कल्पना
३) आपल्याला कळलेला शब्दांचा अर्थ
४) कवितेचा आशय / गाभा
५) संकल्पना स्पष्टीकरण
६) समारोप : ज्याच्या आधारे उत्तर पूर्ण केले त्या ओळी अवतरणचिन्हात लिहिणे.
प्रश्न ५ :
१) संदर्भासहित स्पष्टीकरण :- कवितेतील ओळी जशाच्या तशा लिहिणे- संदर्भ - पद्यपाठाचे नाव, कवीचे नाव, कवितासंग्रह - स्वरूप : उपमा, रूपक, कल्पना- स्पष्टीकरण : आशय / सारांश (कवितेतून काय कळले)- विषेश / वैशिष्ट्य
२) एका वाक्यात उत्तरे द्या :- कवितेच्या ओळी लिहू नयेत, अर्थातील योग्य वाक्यरचना करावी.
प्रश्न ६ : व्याकरण
सराव केल्यास, अचूक लिहिल्यास पूर्ण गुण मिळवतात. वाक्प्रचारातील लिंग / वचन याकडे लक्ष द्या.
प्रश्न १ : निबंधलेखन
निबंधलेखनामधे दिलेल्या विषयांवरील विचारांची मुद्देसूद, क्रमवार मांडाणी आकर्षक पध्दतीने करायची आहे. त्यामधे शुध्दलेखन, हस्ताक्षर, मुद्यानुसार परिच्छेद, उदाहरणे, प्रसंग, संवाद, वचने, वाक्प्रचार आणि म्हणी या सर्वांचा समावेश असावा. यातील महत्वाच्या गोष्टींकडे परिक्षकाचे लक्ष वेधण्यासाठी अधोरेखन आवश्यक आहे.
१) वर्णनात्मक निबंध :
अनुभूतीचे हुबेहूब वर्णन, शब्द संपत्तीचे दर्शन आणि परिस्थितीचा भावनिक विचार यातून प्रसंग उभा करावा. हे करत असताना स्थळ अथवा व्यक्ती यांच्याविषयी सूक्ष्म निरिक्षण असल्याचे जाणवायला हवे. त्यासाठी हुबेहूब आणि सविस्तर "वर्णन" करावे. व्यक्तीच्या भावविश्वात डोकावता आल्यास फारच चांगले. प्रसंग, घटना रंगवाव्यात.
२) चरित्रात्मक निबंध :
महान व्यक्तींबद्दल माहिती जमवणे, त्यांच्या तोंडची काही वाक्ये टिपून ठेवणे आणि त्याच्या जीवनातील घटना, प्रसंगाची माहिती जमवणे आवश्यक आहे. चरित्रात्मक निबंध म्हणजे वृत्तांत नव्हे. एखादा प्रसंग रंगवून सांगणे आणि इतर प्रसंगांची धावती नोंद करणे निबंधाच्या आकारासाठी आवश्यक ठरते. जीवनातील अडचणी आणि त्यावर केलेली मात आणि त्यांची जडण घडण यावर प्रकाश टाकावा.
३) कल्पनात्मक निबंध :
हा निबंध एखादे स्वप्न, किंवा रम्य कल्पनेवर आधारित असतो. मनाला स्पर्शून जाणारी, आनंददायक कल्पना वाचणार्याचे वैचारिक मनोरंजन करणारी असावी. परंतू अवास्तव, स्वैर, हास्यास्पद, तोल ढासळलेल्या कल्पना टाळाव्यात. खालीलप्रमाणे काळाचे भान ठेवणे आवश्यक आहे.
जेंव्हा वीज जाते : वर्तमान
जेंव्हा पाऊस पडला : भूतकाळ
मी पक्षी झालो तर : भविष्यकाळ
या प्रमाणे कोणत्या काळात निबंध लिहायचा ते विचारपूर्वक ठरवावे.
४) आत्मकथन :
हा निबंध प्रथमपुरुषी (मी) लिहावा. अगदी जन्मापासून मरेपर्यंत घटनांची आवश्यकता नाही. प्रत्यक्षात अनुभवलेला एखादा सुखद, दु:खद प्रसंग, चांगली वाईट घटना रंगवून सांगणे महत्वाचे आहे. त्यासाठी निवडक अनुभवांचेच वर्णन करावे म्हणजे निबंध आटोपशीर होतो. पाल्हाळ लावू नये.
५) वैचारिक निबंध :
एखाद्या विषयाच्या दोन्ही बाजूंची आपल्याला नीट जाणीव असल्याचे वैचारिक निबंधातून व्यक्त करता येणे गरजेचे आहे. यामध्ये आपल्या बाजूचे समर्थन करताना विरोधी बाजूचे खंडण करायचे आहे. हे करत असताना तुमची कारण मिमांसा, विचारवंत व्यक्तीचे म्हणणे, सामान्य माणसाच्या आशा आकांक्षा सद्य परिस्थिती यांचे भान ठेवावे म्हणजे निबंध आकर्षक होतो.
प्रश्न ७ : कथालेखन
गोष्ट सांगताना बोली भाषा वापरली जाते. सॉफ्ट टोन असतो आणि गोष्टीत उत्सुकता निर्माण करून शेवटपर्यंत टिकवली तर गोष्ट छान जमते.
कथेचे शीर्षक कथा लिहून पूर्ण झाल्यानंतर जास्त चांगल्या पध्दतीने सुचते. ते कथेच्या डोक्यावर मधोमध लिहावे व शक्यतो एक-दोन शब्दांचेच असावे.
केवळ दिलेले मुद्दे एकत्र करून वाक्य तयार करणे म्हणजे कथा नाही. कथेची मध्यवर्ती कल्पना, रुपरेषा समजावून घेऊन आपली कल्पनाशक्ती वापरून मनोरंजक आणि नैतीक शिक्षण देणारी कथा लिहावी.
कथेतील घटना समजावून घेऊन सुरुवातीला त्यासाठी योग्य वातावरणनिर्मिती करणारी वाक्ये लिहिणे आवश्यक आहे.
पात्रांना, स्थळांना, नद्यांना, डोंगरांना नावे द्यावीत. कथा भूतकाळातच असावी. कथेत जिवंतपणा आणण्यासाठी किमान दोन ठिकाणी छोटे संवाद असावेत. कथेमधे वाक्प्रचार, म्हणी, विरामचिन्हे आणि शुध्दलेखन हवे.
एकेका मुद्याला एक एक परिच्छेद करावा. ३-४ परिच्छेद असणे आवश्यक आहे.
शेवट परिणामकारक आणि आकर्षक असावा. कथेच्या तात्पर्याला एक गुण असतो.
प्रश्न ८ : सारंश लेखन / उतार्यावरील प्रश्न :
उतार्यावरील प्रश्न सोडवावेत. त्यापूर्वी उतारा एक दोन वेळा वाचून पहावा. प्रश्नांची उत्तरे तिथेच असतात. ती शुद्धलेखनाचे भान ठेउन लिहिल्यास चांगले गुण मिळवता येतील.
सारांश व शीर्षक पसंत पडेलच असे नाही. सारांश लिहिताना उतार्यातील अर्थपूर्ण व आवश्यक भाग स्वत:च्या भाषेत लिहावा. उतार्यातील अलंकार व सविस्तर वर्णने टाळावीत.
प्रश्न ९ : पत्रलेखन :
पत्र डाव्या पानावर सुरु करावे आणि उजव्या पानावर संपवावे, म्हणजे आकर्षक दिसते. वाचताना पाठवणारी व्यक्ती प्रत्यक्ष आपल्याशी बोलत आहे असे वाटले पाहिजे म्हणून अनौपचारिक पत्रात आपलेपणाची भाषा वापरायला हवी.
औपचारिक पत्राचा विषय समजावून घ्यावा, कळल्यास तेच लिहावे म्हणजे थोडक्यात सांजून वेळेची बचत होते व गुण सुध्दा चांगले मिळतात. वस्तूची ऑर्डर देताना व्ही.पी. ने पाठवा, वेळेवर पाठवा असे लिहावे, ही विनंती नको!
१. पत्र लिहिणार्याचा पत्ता
२. दिनांक
३. मायना
४. विषय : औपचारिक पत्रातच फक्त
५. नमन
६. मुद्दे
७. समारोप
८. मायना
९. स्वाक्षरी
१०.लिफाफा :
अ)तिकिट
ब) प्रति : ज्याला पाठवायचे आहे त्याचा पता
क) प्रेषक : पाठवणार्या व्यक्तीचा पत्ता
प्रश्न १० : जाहिरात :
मुद्दा ठासून सांगणे५/७ ओळीअवाजवी शब्द नकोतवर्तमानपत्रातील जाहिराती वाचून कात्रणे काढावीत
प्रश्न ११ : वृत्तांत :
घटनेची माहिती नसलेल्या लोकांकरता घडलेली हकीकत सांगण्यासाठी वृत्तांत लेखन करायचे आहे. याचे शीर्षक शेवटी ठरवून लिहावे म्हणजे जास्त परिणामकारक होईल. घटनेची जागा व दिनांक व्यवस्थित लिहून प्रथम थोडक्यात ओळख करून द्यावी. त्यानंतर योग्य क्रमाने नेमकी बरोबर वाक्ये लिहून वृत्तांत सादर करावा. व्यक्ती, इमारती, रस्ते, पूल इत्यादींची नावे असावीत. एका गावात एका कलेक्टरेने ध्वजारोहण केले असा वृत्तांत लिहू नये.
कमीत कमी वेळात जास्तीत जास्त चांगल्या पध्दतीने तयारी करावी. खालीलप्रमाणे रेखीव लिखाण करावे. उत्तर पत्रिका हातात आल्याबरोबर शक्य असल्यास २-३ पुरवण्या पेपरला जोडून टाकाव्यात. संपूर्ण पेपरला डावीकडे पोट समास व उजवीकडे एक समास आखावा. नवीन प्रश्न नवीन पानावर सोडवणे आवश्यक आहे. उपप्रश्न क्रमवार सोडवावेत. एखादा उपप्रश्न नंतर सोडवणार असल्यास त्याच्यासाठी जागा सोडावी म्हणजे परिक्षकाचा गोंधळ उडत नाही. उपप्रश्न संपल्यानंतर समासाच्या आतून रेघ मारावी, मुख्य प्रश्न संपल्यावर समासाच्या बाहेरून रेघ मारावी, व ती दुहेरी करावी.
प्रश्न क्रमांक एक निबंध हा सर्वात शेवटी लिहावा, बाकी सर्व शक्यतो क्रमानेच सोडवावेत. प्रत्येक प्रश्नाचे एक शीर्षक तयार करून ते प्रश्न क्रमांकाच्या पुढे लिहावे. उदा :-
प्रश्न २ : दीर्घोत्तरी प्रश्न (गद्य)
या प्रश्नप्रकारात उत्तराची किंमत वाढवणे महत्वाचे आहे.
८०% विद्यार्थ्यांना २ गुण मिळतात
१९% विद्यार्थ्यांना ३ गुण मिळतात
फारच थोड्या विद्यार्थ्यांना ३ १/२ गुण मिळतात
४/४ गुण मिळवणार विद्यार्थी विरळाच!
१) प्रस्तावना : लेखकाचे नाव, विशेषण, पुरस्कार, पुस्तक, कथासंग्रहाचे नाव, पाठाचे स्वरूप, मध्यवर्ती कल्पना आणि संदेश ही माहिती २ वाक्यांमधे यावी.
२) मुद्दे : संकल्पनांचे स्पष्टीकरण, संदर्भ/पूर्वपीठीका, घटनांचा क्रम, प्रत्येक मुद्द्याल्या परिच्छेद, अवतरणे व म्हणी (नवीन ओळ) पाठतील नव्या शब्दांचा वापर आणि अधोरेखन
३) समारोप : दोन ओळींमधे आकर्षक करावा.
प्रश्न ३ :
१) एका वाक्यात उत्तरे- पुस्तकातील शब्दांचा वापर- धड्यात न सापडणारे पूर्ण वाक्य तपशीलांसकट तयार करावे- शुध्दलेखनासाठी गुण कापले जातात.
२) विधान पूर्ण करा- पूर्ण केलेला भाग अधोरेखित करणे
३) कोण कोणास म्हणाले- वाक्य, कोण, कोणाला- शुध्दलेखन महत्वाचे
प्रश्न ४ : दीर्घोत्तरी प्रश्न (पद्य)
हा प्रश्न सोडवण्यासाठी कविता पाठ असणे आवश्यक आहे.
१) प्रस्तावना - लेखकाचे नाव, विशेषण, पुरस्कार, कवितासंग्रहाचे नाव
२) स्वरूप : उपमा, रुपक, कल्पना
३) आपल्याला कळलेला शब्दांचा अर्थ
४) कवितेचा आशय / गाभा
५) संकल्पना स्पष्टीकरण
६) समारोप : ज्याच्या आधारे उत्तर पूर्ण केले त्या ओळी अवतरणचिन्हात लिहिणे.
प्रश्न ५ :
१) संदर्भासहित स्पष्टीकरण :- कवितेतील ओळी जशाच्या तशा लिहिणे- संदर्भ - पद्यपाठाचे नाव, कवीचे नाव, कवितासंग्रह - स्वरूप : उपमा, रूपक, कल्पना- स्पष्टीकरण : आशय / सारांश (कवितेतून काय कळले)- विषेश / वैशिष्ट्य
२) एका वाक्यात उत्तरे द्या :- कवितेच्या ओळी लिहू नयेत, अर्थातील योग्य वाक्यरचना करावी.
प्रश्न ६ : व्याकरण
सराव केल्यास, अचूक लिहिल्यास पूर्ण गुण मिळवतात. वाक्प्रचारातील लिंग / वचन याकडे लक्ष द्या.
प्रश्न १ : निबंधलेखन
निबंधलेखनामधे दिलेल्या विषयांवरील विचारांची मुद्देसूद, क्रमवार मांडाणी आकर्षक पध्दतीने करायची आहे. त्यामधे शुध्दलेखन, हस्ताक्षर, मुद्यानुसार परिच्छेद, उदाहरणे, प्रसंग, संवाद, वचने, वाक्प्रचार आणि म्हणी या सर्वांचा समावेश असावा. यातील महत्वाच्या गोष्टींकडे परिक्षकाचे लक्ष वेधण्यासाठी अधोरेखन आवश्यक आहे.
१) वर्णनात्मक निबंध :
अनुभूतीचे हुबेहूब वर्णन, शब्द संपत्तीचे दर्शन आणि परिस्थितीचा भावनिक विचार यातून प्रसंग उभा करावा. हे करत असताना स्थळ अथवा व्यक्ती यांच्याविषयी सूक्ष्म निरिक्षण असल्याचे जाणवायला हवे. त्यासाठी हुबेहूब आणि सविस्तर "वर्णन" करावे. व्यक्तीच्या भावविश्वात डोकावता आल्यास फारच चांगले. प्रसंग, घटना रंगवाव्यात.
२) चरित्रात्मक निबंध :
महान व्यक्तींबद्दल माहिती जमवणे, त्यांच्या तोंडची काही वाक्ये टिपून ठेवणे आणि त्याच्या जीवनातील घटना, प्रसंगाची माहिती जमवणे आवश्यक आहे. चरित्रात्मक निबंध म्हणजे वृत्तांत नव्हे. एखादा प्रसंग रंगवून सांगणे आणि इतर प्रसंगांची धावती नोंद करणे निबंधाच्या आकारासाठी आवश्यक ठरते. जीवनातील अडचणी आणि त्यावर केलेली मात आणि त्यांची जडण घडण यावर प्रकाश टाकावा.
३) कल्पनात्मक निबंध :
हा निबंध एखादे स्वप्न, किंवा रम्य कल्पनेवर आधारित असतो. मनाला स्पर्शून जाणारी, आनंददायक कल्पना वाचणार्याचे वैचारिक मनोरंजन करणारी असावी. परंतू अवास्तव, स्वैर, हास्यास्पद, तोल ढासळलेल्या कल्पना टाळाव्यात. खालीलप्रमाणे काळाचे भान ठेवणे आवश्यक आहे.
जेंव्हा वीज जाते : वर्तमान
जेंव्हा पाऊस पडला : भूतकाळ
मी पक्षी झालो तर : भविष्यकाळ
या प्रमाणे कोणत्या काळात निबंध लिहायचा ते विचारपूर्वक ठरवावे.
४) आत्मकथन :
हा निबंध प्रथमपुरुषी (मी) लिहावा. अगदी जन्मापासून मरेपर्यंत घटनांची आवश्यकता नाही. प्रत्यक्षात अनुभवलेला एखादा सुखद, दु:खद प्रसंग, चांगली वाईट घटना रंगवून सांगणे महत्वाचे आहे. त्यासाठी निवडक अनुभवांचेच वर्णन करावे म्हणजे निबंध आटोपशीर होतो. पाल्हाळ लावू नये.
५) वैचारिक निबंध :
एखाद्या विषयाच्या दोन्ही बाजूंची आपल्याला नीट जाणीव असल्याचे वैचारिक निबंधातून व्यक्त करता येणे गरजेचे आहे. यामध्ये आपल्या बाजूचे समर्थन करताना विरोधी बाजूचे खंडण करायचे आहे. हे करत असताना तुमची कारण मिमांसा, विचारवंत व्यक्तीचे म्हणणे, सामान्य माणसाच्या आशा आकांक्षा सद्य परिस्थिती यांचे भान ठेवावे म्हणजे निबंध आकर्षक होतो.
प्रश्न ७ : कथालेखन
गोष्ट सांगताना बोली भाषा वापरली जाते. सॉफ्ट टोन असतो आणि गोष्टीत उत्सुकता निर्माण करून शेवटपर्यंत टिकवली तर गोष्ट छान जमते.
कथेचे शीर्षक कथा लिहून पूर्ण झाल्यानंतर जास्त चांगल्या पध्दतीने सुचते. ते कथेच्या डोक्यावर मधोमध लिहावे व शक्यतो एक-दोन शब्दांचेच असावे.
केवळ दिलेले मुद्दे एकत्र करून वाक्य तयार करणे म्हणजे कथा नाही. कथेची मध्यवर्ती कल्पना, रुपरेषा समजावून घेऊन आपली कल्पनाशक्ती वापरून मनोरंजक आणि नैतीक शिक्षण देणारी कथा लिहावी.
कथेतील घटना समजावून घेऊन सुरुवातीला त्यासाठी योग्य वातावरणनिर्मिती करणारी वाक्ये लिहिणे आवश्यक आहे.
पात्रांना, स्थळांना, नद्यांना, डोंगरांना नावे द्यावीत. कथा भूतकाळातच असावी. कथेत जिवंतपणा आणण्यासाठी किमान दोन ठिकाणी छोटे संवाद असावेत. कथेमधे वाक्प्रचार, म्हणी, विरामचिन्हे आणि शुध्दलेखन हवे.
एकेका मुद्याला एक एक परिच्छेद करावा. ३-४ परिच्छेद असणे आवश्यक आहे.
शेवट परिणामकारक आणि आकर्षक असावा. कथेच्या तात्पर्याला एक गुण असतो.
प्रश्न ८ : सारंश लेखन / उतार्यावरील प्रश्न :
उतार्यावरील प्रश्न सोडवावेत. त्यापूर्वी उतारा एक दोन वेळा वाचून पहावा. प्रश्नांची उत्तरे तिथेच असतात. ती शुद्धलेखनाचे भान ठेउन लिहिल्यास चांगले गुण मिळवता येतील.
सारांश व शीर्षक पसंत पडेलच असे नाही. सारांश लिहिताना उतार्यातील अर्थपूर्ण व आवश्यक भाग स्वत:च्या भाषेत लिहावा. उतार्यातील अलंकार व सविस्तर वर्णने टाळावीत.
प्रश्न ९ : पत्रलेखन :
पत्र डाव्या पानावर सुरु करावे आणि उजव्या पानावर संपवावे, म्हणजे आकर्षक दिसते. वाचताना पाठवणारी व्यक्ती प्रत्यक्ष आपल्याशी बोलत आहे असे वाटले पाहिजे म्हणून अनौपचारिक पत्रात आपलेपणाची भाषा वापरायला हवी.
औपचारिक पत्राचा विषय समजावून घ्यावा, कळल्यास तेच लिहावे म्हणजे थोडक्यात सांजून वेळेची बचत होते व गुण सुध्दा चांगले मिळतात. वस्तूची ऑर्डर देताना व्ही.पी. ने पाठवा, वेळेवर पाठवा असे लिहावे, ही विनंती नको!
१. पत्र लिहिणार्याचा पत्ता
२. दिनांक
३. मायना
४. विषय : औपचारिक पत्रातच फक्त
५. नमन
६. मुद्दे
७. समारोप
८. मायना
९. स्वाक्षरी
१०.लिफाफा :
अ)तिकिट
ब) प्रति : ज्याला पाठवायचे आहे त्याचा पता
क) प्रेषक : पाठवणार्या व्यक्तीचा पत्ता
प्रश्न १० : जाहिरात :
मुद्दा ठासून सांगणे५/७ ओळीअवाजवी शब्द नकोतवर्तमानपत्रातील जाहिराती वाचून कात्रणे काढावीत
प्रश्न ११ : वृत्तांत :
घटनेची माहिती नसलेल्या लोकांकरता घडलेली हकीकत सांगण्यासाठी वृत्तांत लेखन करायचे आहे. याचे शीर्षक शेवटी ठरवून लिहावे म्हणजे जास्त परिणामकारक होईल. घटनेची जागा व दिनांक व्यवस्थित लिहून प्रथम थोडक्यात ओळख करून द्यावी. त्यानंतर योग्य क्रमाने नेमकी बरोबर वाक्ये लिहून वृत्तांत सादर करावा. व्यक्ती, इमारती, रस्ते, पूल इत्यादींची नावे असावीत. एका गावात एका कलेक्टरेने ध्वजारोहण केले असा वृत्तांत लिहू नये.
Subscribe to:
Comments (Atom)